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VIP

♢ Research use only Especificación a nivel de clase; lotes seleccionados probados por Janoshik

✓ Janoshik Verified 99.142%VIP · Report #233643 ↗
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VIP de grado de investigación. Especificación a nivel de clase ≥98%; lotes seleccionados probados de forma independiente. Polvo liofilizado en vial de vidrio sellado. Solo para fines de investigación. No apto para el consumo humano.

Acerca de VIP

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide originally discovered in porcine intestine in 1970. The name describes the initial pharmacological observation — it is vasoactive and found in the gut — but underrepresents the peptide’s biology. VIP is now understood as a pleiotropic neuromodulator with roles in the immune system, circadian rhythm regulation, reproductive function, and multiple neural circuits. It is found throughout the nervous system and peripheral organs.

VIP signals through two GPCRs: VPAC1 and VPAC2 (previously VIP1R and VIP2R). VPAC1 is expressed broadly including in lymphocytes, lung, intestine, and liver. VPAC2 is more restricted, with prominent expression in T-cells, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (the circadian clock), and several brain regions. In research models, VPAC receptor activation elevates cAMP and is studied for the downstream effects characteristic of VIP signaling: smooth muscle relaxation (including bronchodilation and vasodilation), neurotrophin production, anti-inflammatory cytokine shifts, and inhibition of T-cell proliferation. VIP is one of the most potent endogenous anti-inflammatory peptides studied.

Research interest in VIP has focused on: inflammatory pathways (VIP shifts immunity toward anti-inflammatory Th2/Treg phenotypes in research models), pulmonary vascular biology (bronchodilation, vasodilation), and circadian biology (VIP neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus are required for circadian rhythm generation and synchronization).

Specifications

Parameter Value
Compound Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), 28 amino acids
Pureza ≥98% (class-level specification)
Format Lyophilized powder
Reconstitution Sterile water or saline
Almacenamiento -20°C; 2-8°C after reconstitution, protect from light

Almacenamiento

Store at -20°C and protect from light. Refrigerate at 2-8°C after reconstitution and use within 14 days. VIP is a relatively fragile peptide — minimize handling time and exposure to elevated temperature after reconstitution.

What are VIP’s main anti-inflammatory mechanisms?

In research models, VIP inhibits innate and adaptive immune responses through multiple mechanisms. It reduces macrophage and dendritic cell production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12) while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). In T-cells, VIP inhibits Th1 and Th17 differentiation (pro-inflammatory phenotypes) and promotes Treg and Th2 differentiation (anti-inflammatory phenotypes). It also inhibits NK cell cytotoxicity and reduces neutrophil function. These broad anti-inflammatory effects make VIP one of the most immunomodulatory peptides studied and have driven research interest in VIP and its receptor pathways in autoimmune-disease models.

How does VIP regulate circadian rhythms?

VIP is the primary neurotransmitter of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the brain’s master circadian clock. VIP neurons in the SCN synchronize individual cellular clocks within the nucleus and are essential for maintaining coherent circadian oscillations across the network of clock cells. VPAC2 receptors on SCN neurons receive VIP signals to synchronize their molecular clock cycles. VIP also helps the SCN respond to light signals that reset the clock daily. Mice lacking VIP or VPAC2 lose circadian behavioral rhythms, demonstrating VIP’s essential role in circadian timekeeping.

What biology is being studied with VIP in research?

VIP has been investigated in research on pulmonary vascular biology (where vasodilation and anti-proliferative effects on pulmonary vasculature are relevant), intestinal inflammation, and autoimmune-related immune pathways. Inhaled VIP has been examined in pulmonary models with mixed results. The short half-life of native VIP (minutes) is a challenge for systemic study, and modified longer-acting VIP analogues are being characterized. In research contexts, the immunological and circadian biology applications are particularly active areas.

VIP is supplied for research purposes only. Not for human consumption. Handle in compliance with institutional biosafety guidelines.

Confianza del investigador

Por qué los investigadores eligen CertaPeptides

¿Quién prueba esto realmente?

Los lotes seleccionados son verificados de forma independiente por Janoshik Analytical (República Checa) y se publican en el portal público de Janoshik. Los demás lotes se envían con la especificación del lote del proveedor. Consulte /coa para ver el muro publicado.

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¿Qué ocurre si recibo el lote equivocado?

La etiqueta de cada vial lleva un código. Búsquelo en nuestra página de verificación: muestra lo que CertaPeptides publica para ese código y, para un lote retirado, que el lote se retiró y el motivo. Si el suyo se ha retirado, o si la búsqueda del código de su etiqueta no da ningún resultado, envíenos ese código por correo electrónico.

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¿Desde dónde se envía?

Rumanía (UE). Somos CERTALAB SRL, CUI 54169956, registrada a efectos de IVA. Sameday para Rumanía, GLS para la mayoría de los destinos de la UE, TCE Worldwide para los demás mercados transfronterizos de la UE y fuera de la UE (Reino Unido, Suiza). Entrega en 1–15 días hábiles según el destino; el plazo exacto se muestra al finalizar la compra.

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¿Qué ocurre si hay un problema?

Dispone de un derecho de desistimiento de 14 días en virtud de la OUG 34/2014 (legislación rumana/de la UE en materia de consumo), con posibilidad de escalado a la ANPC y de resolución alternativa de litigios (SAL). Contáctenos en support@chinapeptideshop.com.

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Información del producto

Este producto está destinado únicamente a fines de investigación y desarrollo científicos. Es una sustancia química que no debe utilizarse como fármaco, medicamento, principio activo ni ingrediente en ningún producto destinado al consumo humano o animal. Los investigadores deben manipular este compuesto de acuerdo con las directrices de bioseguridad de su institución. Utilícese únicamente en entornos de laboratorio debidamente equipados y con el equipo de protección individual adecuado.

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