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VIP

♢ Research use only Especificação ao nível da classe; lotes selecionados testados pela Janoshik

✓ Janoshik Verified 99.142%VIP · Report #233643 ↗
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VIP de grau de investigação. Especificação ao nível da classe ≥98%; lotes selecionados testados de forma independente. Pó liofilizado em frasco de vidro selado. Apenas para fins de investigação. Não se destina ao consumo humano.

Acerca de VIP

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide originally discovered in porcine intestine in 1970. The name describes the initial pharmacological observation — it is vasoactive and found in the gut — but underrepresents the peptide’s biology. VIP is now understood as a pleiotropic neuromodulator with roles in the immune system, circadian rhythm regulation, reproductive function, and multiple neural circuits. It is found throughout the nervous system and peripheral organs.

VIP signals through two GPCRs: VPAC1 and VPAC2 (previously VIP1R and VIP2R). VPAC1 is expressed broadly including in lymphocytes, lung, intestine, and liver. VPAC2 is more restricted, with prominent expression in T-cells, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (the circadian clock), and several brain regions. In research models, VPAC receptor activation elevates cAMP and is studied for the downstream effects characteristic of VIP signaling: smooth muscle relaxation (including bronchodilation and vasodilation), neurotrophin production, anti-inflammatory cytokine shifts, and inhibition of T-cell proliferation. VIP is one of the most potent endogenous anti-inflammatory peptides studied.

Research interest in VIP has focused on: inflammatory pathways (VIP shifts immunity toward anti-inflammatory Th2/Treg phenotypes in research models), pulmonary vascular biology (bronchodilation, vasodilation), and circadian biology (VIP neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus are required for circadian rhythm generation and synchronization).

Specifications

Parameter Value
Compound Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), 28 amino acids
Pureza ≥98% (class-level specification)
Format Lyophilized powder
Reconstitution Sterile water or saline
Conservação -20°C; 2-8°C after reconstitution, protect from light

Conservação

Store at -20°C and protect from light. Refrigerate at 2-8°C after reconstitution and use within 14 days. VIP is a relatively fragile peptide — minimize handling time and exposure to elevated temperature after reconstitution.

What are VIP’s main anti-inflammatory mechanisms?

In research models, VIP inhibits innate and adaptive immune responses through multiple mechanisms. It reduces macrophage and dendritic cell production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12) while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). In T-cells, VIP inhibits Th1 and Th17 differentiation (pro-inflammatory phenotypes) and promotes Treg and Th2 differentiation (anti-inflammatory phenotypes). It also inhibits NK cell cytotoxicity and reduces neutrophil function. These broad anti-inflammatory effects make VIP one of the most immunomodulatory peptides studied and have driven research interest in VIP and its receptor pathways in autoimmune-disease models.

How does VIP regulate circadian rhythms?

VIP is the primary neurotransmitter of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the brain’s master circadian clock. VIP neurons in the SCN synchronize individual cellular clocks within the nucleus and are essential for maintaining coherent circadian oscillations across the network of clock cells. VPAC2 receptors on SCN neurons receive VIP signals to synchronize their molecular clock cycles. VIP also helps the SCN respond to light signals that reset the clock daily. Mice lacking VIP or VPAC2 lose circadian behavioral rhythms, demonstrating VIP’s essential role in circadian timekeeping.

What biology is being studied with VIP in research?

VIP has been investigated in research on pulmonary vascular biology (where vasodilation and anti-proliferative effects on pulmonary vasculature are relevant), intestinal inflammation, and autoimmune-related immune pathways. Inhaled VIP has been examined in pulmonary models with mixed results. The short half-life of native VIP (minutes) is a challenge for systemic study, and modified longer-acting VIP analogues are being characterized. In research contexts, the immunological and circadian biology applications are particularly active areas.

VIP is supplied for research purposes only. Not for human consumption. Handle in compliance with institutional biosafety guidelines.

Confiança do investigador

Porque é que os investigadores escolhem a CertaPeptides

Quem testa isto efetivamente?

Lotes selecionados são verificados de forma independente pela Janoshik Analytical (República Checa) e publicados no portal público da Janoshik. Outros lotes são enviados com a especificação de lote do fornecedor. Consulte /coa para ver a lista publicada.

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E se eu receber o lote errado?

Cada rótulo de frasco contém um código. Procure-o na nossa página de verificação: esta mostra o que a CertaPeptides publica para esse código e, para um lote retirado, que o lote foi retirado e porquê. Se o seu lote tiver sido retirado, ou se a pesquisa do código do seu rótulo não devolver resultados, envie-nos esse código por e-mail.

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De onde é enviado?

Roménia (UE). Somos a CERTALAB SRL, CUI 54169956, registada para efeitos de IVA. Sameday para a Roménia, GLS para a maioria dos destinos da UE, TCE Worldwide para os restantes mercados transfronteiriços da UE e fora da UE (Reino Unido, Suíça). Entrega em 1–15 dias úteis, dependendo do destino — janela exata apresentada no checkout.

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E se houver um problema?

Tem um direito de livre resolução de 14 dias ao abrigo da OUG 34/2014 (legislação romena/da UE em matéria de consumidores), com possibilidade de escalonamento para ANPC e de resolução alternativa de litígios (SAL). Contacte-nos em support@chinapeptideshop.com.

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Informações do produto

Este produto destina-se apenas a fins de investigação e desenvolvimento científico. É uma substância química que não deve ser utilizada como fármaco, medicamento, substância ativa ou ingrediente em qualquer produto destinado ao consumo humano ou animal. Os investigadores devem manusear este composto em conformidade com as diretrizes de biossegurança da sua instituição. Utilize apenas em instalações laboratoriais devidamente equipadas e com equipamento de proteção individual adequado.

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